Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases Among Adolescents in The City Yogyakarta

Abstract

Background: Non-Communicable Diseases (PTM)
is the leading cause of death in Indonesia. In the past,
PTM was synonymous with old age disease, but now many
young people suffer from this disease. PTM in adolescents
is triggered by unhealthy lifestyles, such as smoking
behavior, consumption of foods with unbalanced nutrition,
lack of physical activity, and consuming alcoholic
beverages. According to the results of the Global Schoolbased
Student Health Survey (GSHS) or a school-based
global health survey in 2015, it is known that the current
lifestyle of adolescents is at risk of non-communicable
diseases. Furthermore, the use of e-cigarettes (vape)
has targeted SMA and SMK teenagers. Research from dr
Hamka University Jakarta shows that the prevalence of
adolescent e-cigarette users reaches 11.9 percent or 1 in
8 people. Meanwhile, there are around 30,000 e-cigarette
users in Yogyakarta. Today’s vape has a healthier image
than regular cigarettes, even though the risks for the
two products are actually the same. This needs attention
because the tendency to use e-cigarettes can increase the
risk of PTM. One way to prevent and control PTM is early
detection of PTM risk factors. Research Objective: was to
describe the risk factors for PTM in adolescents Research
Methods: This study used quantitative methods with cross
sectional design. PTM risk factor data collection by direct
measurement of blood pressure, blood sugar, and body
mass index. Furthermore, a survey was carried out with
a questionnaire on the patterns of e-cigarette use and the
risk factors for PTM. The study population was all high
school and vocational high school adolescents in the city
of Yogyakarta. The number of SMA and SMK schools in
Yogyakarta City is 74 while there are 209 adolescents as
the research sample from 7 randomly selected schools with
a distribution of 1 SMAN, 3 SMAS, 1 SMKN, and 2 SMKS.
Research Results: Most of the consumption of vegetables
and fruit was in the bad category, namely <5 servings per
day as many as 165 (78.6%). Most of the consumption of
soft drinks is in the bad category (almost every day and
every day) as much as 111 (52.9%). Most of the fast food
consumption is in the bad category (almost every day and
every day) as many as 155 (73.8%). Physical activity is
mostly in the risk category, namely physical activity at
least 60 minutes per day which is done 1-2 times per week
as much as 113 (53.8%)